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In order to build and use virtual machine within a specific Project, it is mandatory the presence of the internal network, subnet and router.
Select the Project of interest and check the presence of such components click on tab Project → Network → Network Topology.
If it is present only the "external network", you must create network, subnet and router. Please, follow the instruction below:
Create a private network and subnet.
Click on: Project -> Network -> Network Topology -> Create Network.
Then set:
- Tab Network:
Network name: <the name you want>
Enable Admin State: check
Create Subnet: check
Availability Zone Hints: set "nova"
MTU:set it blank. The default is 1450
- Tab subnet:
Subnet name: <the name you want>
Network Address (eg. 192.168.0.0/24)
IP Version (IPv4)
Gateway IP (eg, the last address 192.168.0.254 for subnet 192.168.0.0/24)
Disable Gateway: disabled, uncheck
- Tab Subnet Details:
Enable DHCP: enabled, check
Allocation Pools: leave blank
Host Routers: leave blank
Finally, click on "create"
Create a private router and set the gateway.
Click on: Project -> Network -> Routers -> Create Router.
Then set:
Router name: <the name you want>
Enable Admin State: check
External Network: select "externalNetwork"
Availability Zone Hints: leave "nova"
Finally, click on "create router".
Now, select the router just created and click on "Interfaces" and then on "Add interface"
subnet: select the subnet just created
IP address (write THE SAME IP ADDRESS of the gateway, in this example, it is 192.168.0.254)
Finally, click on "Submit".
Verify that the Status of router is “ACTIVE” and the Admin state is “UP”.
Keypairs are used to access virtual machines when:
- the instance is launched using a default image for cloud (e.g. centos or ubuntu)
- in the virtual machine is set a login with ssh -key
You can set up a keypair in two ways. From "Project → Compute → Key Pairs" menu, you can:
- click on "Create Key Pair", to obtain a new key pair. The possible types are SSH key or x509.
- click on "import Public Key" to import your key pair.
Remember to modify the permission of the key file to 600 in order to avoid errors when you use it to login to your virtual machine.
The firewall of the virtual machine must be defined using the OpenStack Security Groups and Security Rules.
Inside the virtual machine, the firewall must be disabled.
A security rule defines which traffic is allowed to instances assigned to the security group.
A security group is a group of security rules that can be assigned to an instance.
The security groups and security rules can be created click on "Project → Network → Security Groups ".
Common default rules are:
- SSH (port 22)
- ICMP (allow to "ping" a server)
- HTTP (port 80)
- HTTPS (port 443)
Note: It is always possible to modify, add and remove security groups in a virtual machine after its creation.
- If you modify a security group, adding or removing rules, and the security group is already associated to the virtual machine, the changes will be available in real time
- If you want to add or remove a security group from a virtual machine, click on "Project → Compute → Instances", select the virtual machine and from the menu on the right, click on "Edit Security Group". So, add or remove the security groups to the instance.
Once your key pair and your security group are defined, proceed building the virtual machine.
- Click on "Project → Compute → Instances"
- Click on "Launch instance" button
- In the "Details" box, enter:
- the instance name
- the instance number (count)
- In the "Source" box, enter:
- the boot source for the instance. It can be an image, a bootable volume or a bootable volume snapshot.
- Images: we provide some default images (centos, ubuntu, etc.). For these default images, it is set a default user can login into the virtual machine using a key pair. Such a user can execute commands as root. The password of the user root is embedded. If you want to use your personal image, you can create it in the cloud environment click on "Project → Compute → Images", the "Create Image" and upload it.
- Note If you want to create a bootable volume from your instance, select "yes" in "Create New Volume" and select the size of such volume.
- the boot source for the instance. It can be an image, a bootable volume or a bootable volume snapshot.
- In the "Flavor" box, select the flavor you want to use, accordingly with the resources you have.
- NB: if you select to create a volume from your instance, the root disc of the virtual machine will have the size of the volume, not the size set in the flavor
- In the "Networks" box, enter the network internal to your project on which connect the virtual machine
- In the "Security Groups" box, select the security groups you want. Remember that you can always modify them after the virtual machine creation.
- In the "Key Pair" box, select the key pair you want to use for ssh login.
The boot process can be followed on the instances screen. Once the VM is in state ACTIVE, you will be able to open the console and follow the boot process.
To follow the installation, you can access the graphical console using the browser once the VM is in BUILD state.
The console is accessed by selecting the "Instance Details" for the machine and then click on the tab "Console".
Login to the virtual machine using ssh
After the association of a Floating IP to your virtual machine, you can login using the default user and key ( if you have used a native default image for cloud), or using another username (if you have used your personal image with a custom user defined in it). Suppose you have used the default ubuntu cloud image, you can login as:
$ ssh -i MyKey.pem ubuntu@<floating IP address>
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